DID YOU KNOW?

Nicotine, a naturally occuring drug found in all forms of tobacco is highly addictive—as addictive as heroin and cocaine.

Nicotine is a naturally occurring drug found in ALL forms of tobacco. It’s as addictive as heroin or cocaine, and is absorbed rapidly by the body—either in the lungs (tobacco smoke) or the nose and mouth (smokeless tobacco). Once absorbed, it quickly spreads throughout the body.

Cigarettes

Store bought cigarettes are usually made up of a blend of tobacco, paper, and a filter. While this may seem like a simple recipe, each ingredient contains additives to make the tobacco taste better and keep people addicted. The tobacco in cigarettes contains almost 600 additives, including moisturizers to prolong shelf life; sugars to make the smoke easier to inhale; and flavorings such as chocolate and menthol. When they’re burned, these additives produce over 4000 chemicals that are absorbed into the body of anyone who inhales the smoke.

Ammonia compounds are often used by the tobacco industry in the United States to speed nicotine delivery to the brain. Sweetened or flavored cigarettes allow smokers to inhale more smoke more easily, which means they get more nicotine more quickly. Smokers of menthol cigarettes tend to inhale more deeply because menthol has a numbing and cooling effect. Additives may also be used to dilate (widen) the airways—which allows inhaled smoke to pass more deeply into the lungs and exposes the smoker’s body to more nicotine and tar.

A list of all the additives in cigarettes, as reported by big tobacco, can be found online at tobaccofreekids.org.

Light Cigarettes: Fewer Health Risks or Big Fat Myth?

Lots of smokers choose “low-tar,” or “light” cigarettes because they think that light cigarettes are less harmful and less addictive than regular cigarettes. Unfortunately, it’s not true. Light cigarettes are just as dangerous as “regular” ones.

Smokers who switch to low-tar or light cigarettes tend to make up for the lower nicotine levels by inhaling more deeply; taking more frequent puffs; or increasing the number of cigarettes they smoke. All of which cancels any benefit from smoking light cigarettes.

People who switch to low-tar or light cigarettes usually inhale the same amount of toxins, and they remain at high risk for developing smoking-related cancers and other diseases.

Spit or Smokeless Tobacco

In 2001, Big Tobacco spent over $23 million on magazine advertising for smokeless tobacco. Over $11 million of that was spent on ads in Sports Illustrated, Hot Rod, Rolling Stone, Motor Trend, Sporting News, Sport, TV Guide, Popular Science, and Spin—all magazines with a high number of young readers.

Spit, or smokeless, tobacco is sold in two forms:

     • Chewing tobacco (loose leaf, plug or twist)
     • Snuff (loose leaf or moist “dip”)

Of all of the forms of smokeless tobacco, “dip” is the most popular. In fact, between 1986 and 1995, sales of “dip” tobacco increased 3-fold.

     Fact: Spit tobacco contains as many as 28 known cancer-causing chemicals.
     Fact: Spit tobacco delivers 3-4 times the nicotine delivered by a cigarette.
     Fact: Nearly 3 million people under age 21 in the U.S. use spit tobacco regularly.

As early as 1986 the Surgeon General warned that smokeless tobacco represents a major health risk and is not a safe substitute for cigarettes. Many teens, however, still haven’t gotten the message: high-school boys are among the heaviest users of spit or smokeless tobacco.

So just what, exactly, is in spit tobacco that makes it so dangerous to your health?

     • Nitrosamines—powerful cancer-causing agents
     • Polonium 210—radioactive particles that turn into radon
     • Formaldehyde—embalming fluid (used at the morgue)
     • Cadmium—a metallic element; its salts are poisonous
     • Arsenic—a metallic element which forms poisonous compounds

Not surprisingly, spit tobacco poses serious health risks for regular users, including:

     • Increased risk of developing cancer of the oral cavity (mouth)
     • Receding gums and leukoplakia (a permanent white patch, often precancerous)
     • Adolescents who use smokeless tobacco are more likely to become cigarette smokers

Cigars

Cigars are made of fermented tobacco tightly rolled in dried tobacco leaves. Cigar smokers usually don’t inhale the smoke from their cigars, but instead hold it in their mouths to enjoy the flavors of the tobacco. Cigars come in many shapes and sizes:

Cigarillos are short, narrow cigars that are wrapped in whole leaf tobacco. They can be purchased alone or in packs, and are sometimes made without filters. Just like larger cigars, they are not meant to be inhaled. Popular brands include Phillies Cigarillos and Swisher Sweets Cigarillos.

Little Cigars weigh less than cigars and cigarillos, and resemble cigarettes in size, shape, packaging, and filters. Popular brands include Black & Mild and Swisher Sweets.

In the last few years, the popularity of cigars in the US has been increasing. This is partly due to the fact that cigars are taxed at much lower rates than cigarettes (only 15% of wholesale price vs. $2.00 per pack of cigarettes in Maryland) and can be sold individually.

Cigars are not a safe alternative to cigarettes. In fact, regular cigar smoking is associated with an increased risk for cancers of the lung, oral cavity, throat and bladder. Whether it is a cigar, cigarillo or a little cigar, they all contain the same toxic and carcinogenic compounds found in cigarettes. Frequent cigar smokers and those who inhale deeply may be at increased risk for developing coronary heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Facts on cigar use
     • In 2005, an estimated 13.6 million Americans, 12 years or older, were cigar smokers.
     • 14.0% of high school students in the U. S. are current cigar smokers.
     • 5.3% of middle school students are current cigar smokers.
     • Black & Mild is the preferred brand for African–American (55%), Hispanic (24%) and white cigar smokers (16%).

How is the Tobacco Industry Marketing Cigars?
     • As a normal part of a luxurious and successful lifestyle
     • Celebrity endorsements
     • Development of cigar-friendly magazines
     • Product placement in movies
     • As a status symbol in Hip-Hop culture

Bidis & Kreteks (Cloves)

Bidis
Pronounced "bee-dees," these are small, thin, hand-rolled cigarettes imported mostly from India and other Southeast Asian countries.

Studies indicate that bidis have higher concentrations of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide than regular cigarettes.

Kreteks (Cloves)
Pronounced "cree-techs," these are usually referred to as clove cigarettes, and are mostly imported from Indonesia.

Cloves typically contain a mixture of tobacco, cloves, and other additives. They deliver more nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tar than regular cigarettes.

Kretek sales are banned in Maryland.

Bidis and cloves are not safe alternatives to regular cigarettes.

references | updated: 10.30.2008

references

Etter JF, Kozlowski LT, Perneger TV. What smokers believe about light and ultralight cigarettes. Prev Med. 2003 Jan;36(1):92-8.
Shiffman S, Pillitteri JL, Burton SL, Rohay JM, Gitchell JG. Smokers' beliefs about "Light" and "Ultra Light" cigarettes. Tob Control. 2001;10 Suppl 1:i17-23.
Smoking and Tobacco Control Monographs, Monograph 13: Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Tar Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. U.S. department of health and human services Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute, 2001.
Hyland A, Hughes JR, Farrelly M, Cummings KM. Switching to lower tar cigarettes does not increase or decrease the likelihood of future quit attempts or cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2003 Oct;5(5):665-71.
The Truth About "Light" Cigarettes: Questions and Answers, National Caner Research Institute, Retrieved December 15, 2004 from http://cis.nci.nih.gov/fact/3_74.htm.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fact Sheet, Tobacco Brand Preferences. Retrieved October 31, 2007 from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/Factsheets/tobacco_brand_pref.htm.
National Association of African Americans For Positive Imagery. Fact Sheet, Methnol in Cigarettes. Retrieved October 31, 2007 from http://www.naaapi.org/documents/menthol_factsht.asp.

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